Effects of Reducing the Number of Quick Returns (< 11 h off Between Shifts) on Turnover Intention and Job Satisfaction: a Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial Among Healthcare Workers

Abstract Purpose To investigate the effects of reducing quick returns (i.e., < 11 h between shifts) on turnover intention and job satisfaction, and to explore potential moderating factors. Methods A cluster-randomized controlled trial was conducted at a Norwegian university hospital, where 66 units were randomly assigned to an intervention or control group. Participants, comprising healthcare workers (n = 1314; 85.2% female) contracted to ≥ 50% of full-time positions, were followed over six months. The intervention group was assigned to a work schedule with fewer quick returns, while the control group maintained its level of quick returns. Turnover intention and job satisfaction were assessed at baseline and follow-up using validated self-report measures. Linear mixed models were used to evaluate intervention effects and potential moderators. Results The intervention group halved the number of quick returns from baseline (mean = 13.2, SD = 8.7) to follow-up (mean = 6.7, SD = 6.0), while the control group showed minimal change (baseline mean = 13.2, SD = 8.7; follow-up mean = 12.0, SD = 9.3). No overall effects were found on turnover intention and job satisfaction. However, moderator analyses revealed that among workers aged 30–41 years, the intervention reduced turnover intention (p = .003, Cohen’s d = -0.54), primarily observed among workers aged 30–41 years with no children at home, and improved job satisfaction (p = .003, Cohen’s d = 0.54). Additionally, beneficial effects on turnover intention were [...]