Algorithmic management and AI-based systems as a new form of work organisation Psychosocial factors and implications for Occupational Safety and Health

This joint scientific report presents the Algorithmic Management and AI-based systems (ALMA-AI) project results. Launched within the Partnership for European Research in Occupational Safety and Health (PEROSH), the project focused on the Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) implications of using complex digital technologies for worker management. The introductory chapter describes the comprehensive literature review methodology, but also the scientific and practical relevance of the topic, as well as the background and objective of the ALMA-AI project, a collaborative effort that involved 18 researchers from eight national OSH institutes, alongside four experts from EU institutions as project advisers. The subsequent chapter explains the project's theoretical approach, covering both the conceptualisation of 'Algorithmic Management' (ALMA) and the psychosocial factors approach used to understand this emerging trend in the world of work. To this end, several assumptions and definitions from well-known theoretical models on psychosocial risks (Demand-Control-Support, Effort-Reward-Imbalance, and especially Job Demands-Resources) have been explained to delve into OSH implications, particularly focusing on the negative consequences of stress or burnout, as well as its potential positive outcomes, such as engagement or well-being. Thereafter, the chapter on OSH implications and concerns presents previous relevant findings from cutting-edge institutions on the topic (EU-OSHA, JRC, ILO,...